Six Sigma Application in Textile and Apparel Industry

Six Sigma: Along with the extensive use of production systems,
techniques, and tools to bring in huge benefits to the company, the
application of management techniques in the business will bring
long-term stability in the market and a better company reputation. Six
Sigma is such a management tool that is viewed as a systematic,
scientific, statistical, and smarter approach to create quality

Denim Printing Techniques

Printing of Denim Garments: Always denim is popular from the catwalk to the streets. Worldwide interest in denim is moving toward refinement and inconspicuous design. Fabrics are becoming better with sublime shades and finishes and high-quality augmentations such as printing and hand painting. Developments are originating from mixes, specialized stretch denims, natural denims and green reused

Operation Breakdown in Apparel Industry

Operation Breakdown: The work in each style is broken down into operations. An operation is one of the processes that must be completed in converting materials into finished garments. An operation breakdown is a sequential list of all operations involved in assembling a garment, component or style. The sheet of listed operations of a style is also known as operation breakdown (OB). The operation

How to Calculate Knitting and Weaving Cost

Costing is an important issue for textile industry. Without proper costing calculation of your product, you will not be able to offer the best price to customers. In this article our topic is knitting cost and weaving cost calculation. We know that, fabrics are produced mainly by weaving and knitting technique. Technical parameters of knitting calculation are complicated and difficult than

Construction of Flow Process Grids for Production Control in Apparel Industry

Construction of Flow Process Grids: The flow process grid is a dimensional graph of the whole production process of a garment, which measures and depicts the distinct time and space interaction of all factors in the production process such as process stations, inspection stations, temporary storage stations and transport activities, necessary to dispatch a given amount of garments in an intended

How Lean Production Improve Manufacturing Performance

The key to competing in the international marketplace is to simultaneously improve both quality and productivity on continual basis.” In today’s competitive and changing business world, lean production philosophy has brought changes in management practices to improve customer satisfaction as well as organizational effectiveness and efficiency. Customers are now demanding a wide variety of

Factors Affecting the Costing of Apparel Products

In apparel industry, the process of costing a product is very dynamic. Since, the fashion changes every season and sometimes very often, the product which the manufacturing company receives for manufacturing from the buyer also differs every season. Most of the time, the products are manufactured only once. This leads the manufacturing company to work on accurate costing on every product in

Fabric Roll Allocation/Planning in Apparel Industry

Roll allocation: Fabric roll allocation or roll planning is the critical part because it influences the fabric savings in the apparel industry. It is the process where the order in which rolls are to be utilized is programmed to minimize fabric wastage. It helps to associate fabric rolls to lays so that the least possible number of end bits are left behind. During the spreading process, the

Vendor Management in Apparel Industry

Vendor management:
According
to Gartner, Vendor management is a discipline that enables
organizations to control costs, drive service excellence and mitigate
risks to gain increased value from their vendors throughout the deal
life cycle. Actually a vendor or supplier is a third party who performs
functions on a company’s behalf or provides services to a company. In apparel manufacturing

Cut Order Planning for Garment Manufacturing

With
the current competitive and aggressive world market, manufacturers are
facing invariable pressure to minimize costs, propose product styles and
deliver products quickly. The important aspect of achieving better
efficiency in the apparel industry is to minimize the raw material costs,
which often go up to 70% of the total manufacturing costs. The method
of handling cutting orders and

Production Capacity Planning in Garment Industry

Factory capacity planning: Calculation of production capacity for a garment factory is an important issue in readymade garments sector. Because it is one of the most important criteria used for vendor selection by the buyers. It is because; the production time of an order is directly proportional to the vendor’s production capacity. Production planning department make production capacity of a

Sourcing Process in Apparel Industry

The impact of global trade in apparel manufacturing has evolved the concept of fast fashion in a scenario where apparel is produced quickly with a low cost and with the ‘chic look’ now dominating the retail world. Fast fashion is mass-produced, reasonable in price for most consumers and easy to obtain, making it simple for anyone to look stylish. However, to become dominant in this retail

Fabric Consumption Calculation for Woven Trouser

Fabric consumption is very important task for garment merchandiser.
If calculation is not correct then company will face to huge loss and
reputation also fall. Woven bottom specially woven trouser is one of the
common garment manufacturing
item in the apparel industry. For helping novice merchandisers I will
explain that how to calculate fabric consumption of woven trouser.


Fig: Woven

Fabric Losses and Remedial Measures in Apparel Manufacturing

Fabric is the single biggest cost driver for the garment industry, accounting for 50 to 80 per cent of the garment cost, so even a small fabric saving of 2 per cent can add substantially to a garment manufacturer’s pockets. So we can tell the fabric cost is the most dominant one and it is the first priority of the cut order plan. In order to reduce the fabric wastage, it is necessary to classify

Raw Material Consumption Calculation in Apparel Industry

Once, the order scheduling process is completed, the very next important job for the merchandiser is to estimate the average consumption of various raw materials for that particular style and also for the order quantity. Raw material cost is the major cost component of a apparel manufacturing costs. A correct cost calculation method will give you a better projection of garment cost for a style.

Fabric Batching Method | Characteristics of Good Fabric Grouping

Fabric Batching or Grouping: Fabric batching, otherwise called fabric grouping, is the main process that will give improvement with respect to material utilization along with improvement in quality control. Fabric is the single biggest cost driver for the garment industry. It accounts from 60% to 70% of the garment cost. So, proper fabric batching can play an important role to minimize garment

How to Find Out Woven Fabric GSM

Fabric GSM: Fabric is the primary raw material to produce any garment. Every merchandiser
quite essential to know about fabric GSM. Abreviation of GSM is Gram
per Square Meter that means the weight of fabric in grams in per square
meter area. Higher GSM fabric is heavier and lower GSM fabric is
lighter. We can calculate gsm for woven and knit fabric. In this article
I will find out gsm for

Interfacing, Shoulder Pads and Waddings for Clothing

Interfacing: Interfacing is usually needed in the sensitive parts of a garment for support and in edges to prevent them from stretching. Generally, interfacing is used to add stiffness to fabric. It is an interior construction fabric that is positioned between plies of fashion fabric. It gives strength, shape and body to the garment. Interfacing is an extra layer secured to the inside of

Time and Action Plan for Apparel Merchandiser

Time and action plan for merchandisers: The time and action plan (TNA or T&A Plan) is an important tool for a merchandiser
to enlist his day-to-day activities or to enlist the different
operations involved in the process of completing an order. TNA is most
important activity for timely shipment. This process involved various
department and different people in the manufacturing. Hence, this

Types, Functions and Uses of Interlining in Garments

Interlinings: Interlinings are the accessories used between two layers of fabric to keep the different components of apparel in a desired shape or to improve the aesthetics and/or performance. Generally, interlinings are soft, thick, and flexible fabric made of cotton, nylon, polyester, wool and viscose or their blends, which may be coated with some resins. There are two types of interlinings in

Apparel Analysis Process

Apparel Analysis Process: In apparel industry, the merchandisers deal with two different situations based on the type, size of the firm they are working, country and policies of companies. They are as follows: (i) For the first case, the merchandiser will analyse the market and develop product based on the market needs and customer requirements with the help of design team within the company or

Application of Nonwovens in Apparel Industry

Nonwovens Fabrics: Nonwoven fabrics are one of the oldest and simplest textile fabrics. It is a sheet of fibers, continuous filaments or chopped yarns of any nature or origin, that have been formed into a web by any means, and bonded together by any means, with the exception of weaving or knitting. Nonwoven fabrics are engineered fabrics that may be a limited life, single-use fabric or a very

Product Development Process in Apparel Industry

Product development: Product development is defined as the process of conceptualizing, designing, creating, producing, introducing and delivering new products and services to consumers or improving on the old. It is the very first stage of introduction of new style. Product development is the process where that sketch or design is converted in to a 3D form garment, with all technical and

Lining: Important Trim for Clothing

Linings: Linings are usually a functional part of a garment rather than a decorative one, being utilized in various shapes. It is an inner layer of fabric, fur, or other material inserted into clothing, hats, luggage, curtains, handbags and similar items. Lining is an important trim is used to feel comfort and to prevent wear on a side. This is generally applied in jackets and coats. The main

Sampling Process in Apparel Industry

Samples in apparel industry:
The sample is a product which represents a group of product or lot. The sample will reflect the quality and workmanship of the exporter or manufacturer. Garment samples are inevitably important part of exporting. Sampling procedure in the apparel industry is an important activity for the order acceptance.

Figure-1: Garment samples development section

The main

7 C’s of Communication in Garments Merchandising

Principle purpose of a garment merchandiser is to ensure that delivery of the order is made in time. Effective communication with buyer and supplier is a very important aspect of this merchandising job. This person needs strong communication and negotiation skills and visual and analytical abilities. Apparel merchandiser need to communicate with the different people in the world those have

Different Types of Buttons and Fasteners for Clothes

Buttons: A button is a small disc, typically round, usually attached to an article of clothing in order to secure an opening, or for ornamentation. Buttons are the most commonly used type of fastener, comprising a disk, ball, or dome-shaped fastener secured to one panel of fabric and joined to another panel of fabric by means of drawing it through a buttonhole. It is the most commonly made of

Different Types of Cuffs in Garments

Cuffs: A cuff is an added piece of fabric present at the lower edge of the sleeve to cover the arms. The cuff precludes the fraying of the garment and in case of fraying, the garment can be rectified just by replacing the cuff. A simple technique of making cuffs is to fold back the sleeve material at the lower edge. Alternatively, a separate band of material can be sewn onto the sleeve or can be

Performance Measurement Parameters in Cutting Room

To fabric cut out pattern pieces of garment components as per exact dimension of the patterns from a fabric lay is called fabric cutting. Cutting is the vital process in garment manufacturing because it handles the costliest material resource, that is, the fabric and it is an irreversible process. Because of overemphasis on analysing the performance of the sewing section, there is a complete

Application of Robotics in Apparel Production

Apparel production is labor intensive. So, Increasing labor costs have been the most important driver of sewing automation
within the last 30 years. Application of robotic automation in the
textile and apparel industry provides so many benefits like labor
savings, reduced cycle times, improved part quality, improved safety,
increase productivity and efficiency. Apparel manufacturing

Different Types of Sleeves for Dresses

Sleeves:


A sleeve is the part of a garment that covers the arm, or through which the arm passes or slips. The pattern of the sleeve is one of the characteristics of fashion in dress, varying in every country and period. There are many different types of sleeves and each type can completely transform the look of a top or dress. The perfection of the sleeves in any garment is important for

Marker Planning in Garment Industry

Introduction: Marker is a long thin paper which contains all necessary pattern pieces for different sizes for a particular style of garments. It is planned in such a way that fabric wastage would be least. By making a marker it is possible to achieve more benefit by producing a garment with reduced wastage. Normally the width of a marker is kept according to the cutable width of the fabric and

Different Types of Pocket in Garments

Pockets: A pocket is a bag or envelope which an opening or slot with a closed end that is usually sewn in or over the garment. In older usage, a pocket was a separate small bag or pouch. Pockets may have a decorative or functional purpose. Sometimes pockets can be used for both purposes. Basically, the pocket is utilized as a depository or as a holding provision for items or hands. A pocket

Types of Zippers for Garments Based on Construction and Material

Zippers: A zipper, zip, fly, or zip fastener, formerly known as a clasp locker, is a commonly used device for binding the edges of an opening of fabric or other flexible material, as on a garment or a bag. It is used in clothing (e.g., jackets and jeans), luggage, and other bags, sporting goods, camping gear (e.g., tents and sleeping bags), and other items. Zipper classifications: Basically

Care Instructions Used in Apparel

Apparel and textiles are soiled during their normal use. From an economic point of view, these items must be cleaned and refurbished for reuse without substantially altering their functional and aesthetic properties. It is essential that the various processes to which the apparel is subjected should maintain and restore the desirable and functional properties. This is a joint responsibility of

Types of Plackets in Clothing

Plackets are openings in woman’s garment such as a skirt or blouse, either where it fastens or in a pocket. Plackets are particularly seen in women’s garments which have a good fit. They can also be found at the cuff of a sleeve in a garment. Plackets facilitate easy usage of clothing and are sometimes used as a component for enhancing the design. In modern usage, the term placket often refers

Components of a Zipper | Manufacturing Process of Zippers | Applications of Zippers

Zipper is a closure or fastener that are normally used to make permanent and semi permanent connections between the garment panels and joints that could be unfastened and fastened. It is a popular device for temporarily joining two edges of fabric. They are purely functional as well as decorative sometimes. The ‘zipper’ was introduced in 1893 at the Chicago World’s Fair then with the name of ‘

Working Mechanism of Flatlock Sewing Machine

Flatlock sewing machine: Flatlock sewing machine can not be used for normal purpose. But for making a complete garment their importance can not be denied. It is well known for handling all types of fabric weights and thickness. The flatlock stitch is used decoratively to achieve the look of applied trim on a garment, craft or home decorator projects. Special decorative threads are used for a

How to Make a Collar for a Dress

Collar in clothing: In clothing, collar is the part of a shirt, coat, dress, blouse, etc., that encompasses the neckline of the garment and is sewn permanently to it, often so as to fold or roll over. Any dress specially shirt without a collar is like a house without a roof. Not only collar is used as decorative purpose but also it has different functional purposes. It would keep a cloak from

Different Types of Seam Used in Denim Jeans Production

Denim, a cotton woven fabric, may be the most considered article of style today. Denim is cut and sewn in an assortment of clothing types fit for all ages, seasons and events. Denim has achieved so much fame that if we glance around, we will doubtlessly see some individual wearing denim in our midst. Currently, more than simply supplementing a tough style, the denim has ended up as appropriate

Conventional Fabric Inspection Systems for Apparel Industry

Fabric inspection: In the modern textile industry, visual surface inspection of fabrics plays an important role in quality control of textile and fashion products because defects on the fabric can have a great impact on costs and grading of final products. Fabric inspection is done for fault/defect rate, fabric construction, end to end or edge to edge shading, colour, hand or feel, length/width,

Different Types of Yokes in Dresses | Selection of Yoke Design

What is yoke in garments? Yoke is a fashioned pattern piece used in garments, usually fitting around the neck and shoulders, or around the hips to provide support for looser parts of the garment. The yokes offer support for slacker parts of the garment like in a gathered skirt or the body of a shirt and thereby aid in regulating the fullness of the garments. They are effectively horizontal

Risk Analysis for Garment Merchandiser

Merchandiser play vital role in apparel business. They work as a bridge between manufacturer and buyer. Merchandiser is commended with the buyer and to do the planning as use well as procuring the garment order up to the shipment. A merchandiser has to do multi tasks like as internal and external communication; sampling; risk analysis or assessment; prepare the order costing and price quoting;

Different Types of Tucks and Darts in Sewing

What is Tucks? In sewing, a tuck is a fold or pleat in fabric that is sewn in place. Tucks are stitched folds of fabric mainly used to decorate garments. Sometimes, released tucks may be used for shaping the fabric to the body. When the tucks are very narrow, they are called pintucks or Pin-tucking. Types of Tucks in Sewing: There are several types of tucks; they are given below: • Pin tucks:

Important Types of Fabric Tests Done by Merchandiser

Merchandisers are the key persons in apparel business. They work as a bridge between buyer and seller. Merchandisers have to do various tasks from order execution to final dispatch. Developing Lab dip is one of the primary jobs for a merchandiser to start an order execution. They need to run for lab dip approval. Though this would be an easy task, sometimes big mistakes may occur. They have to

Acceptable Quality Level in Garment Industry

What is Acceptable Quality Levels? The
acceptable quality level (AQL) is a statistical measurement of the
maximum number of defective goods considered acceptable in a particular
sample size. Acceptable quality level is also known as the acceptable
quality limit. AQL is designed as the maximum average defective items in
a lot. It is one of the most used terms in readymade garments industry

Different Types of Pleats Used in Clothing

Pleats: A pleat is a double or multiple fold in a garment formed by doubling fabric back upon itself and securing it in place. It is commonly used in clothing and upholstery to gather a wide piece of fabric to a narrower circumference. Pleats are provided at the waistline of dresses and especially in skirts with the intention of evenly distributing the fullness around the entire area of the

Techniques of Gathering Effects in Garments

Gathers & Gathering: Gathering is a basic sewing technique that shortens the length of a piece of fabric. Generally it is used to manage fullness in a stitched project. It is done so that the longer piece can be attached to a shorter piece. A few places where gathering is used are when making ruffles, setting in puffed sleeves, or attaching a skirt to a bodice. Gathering technique is easier to

Importance of Garment Fitting for Buyers Section

What is garment fitting? The garment fitting refers to how well a garment confirms to the three dimensional human body figure. Fitting is a process that begins before the first pattern piece is cut and continues throughout the entire construction process of any garment. Good garment fit is crucial to ones the human body at most for its satisfaction. Importance of garment fitting: Clothing forms

Process Flow Diagram of ERP Modules in Textile and Apparel Industry

Abbreviation of ERP is Enterprise Resource Planning. ERP software is very essential for running a business. All the information of an enterprise under one roof for assisting planning & implementing decisions having complete visibility-that is the main object of ERP. ERP was coined as an extension of the concept of manufacturing resource planning software, which automated the process of keeping

Packaging Process in Garment Industry

Garment Packaging: Garment packaging is the process of wrapping, compressing, filling or creating of goods for the purpose of protection and their appropriate handling. This is the final process in the production of garments, which prepares the finished merchandise for delivery to the customer. It is an important part of the garment manufacturing process. Garment packaging is also use to get lot

Automation in Woven Fabric Production

Weaving is the process of interlacing two set of yarns or threads together at right angles such that they form a unified fabric. The two sets are defined as the warp and weft, and within each set the threads lie parallel to one another. During the weaving process, the warp is defined as the set being held stationary, while the weft is the set being introduced to the warp. Today weaving process

Fusing Machinery and Equipments in Apparel Industry

Fusing is a process which cut components or their blocks are fused with interlinings coated with thermoplastic resin. Fusing certain garment components is performed to create strength and stability of the garment, improve its shape and increase resistance. It is alternative method of fabric joining. We have published a complete article on fusing process in apparel industry. Garment components

Fusing Process in Garment Industry

What is Fusing? Fusing process is one kinds of alternative method of fabric joining which is widely used to attach the interlining. At present, apparel manufacturing cannot be imagined without fusing process. In fusing process cut components or separate parts of a lay (blocks of components) are fused with interlinings that are coated with thermoplastic resin. Fusing certain components creates

Application of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technologies in Fashion and Apparel Supply Chain

In the fashion and apparel industries, products are featured by short product life cycle, highly volatile and unpredictable demand, and long lead time . Ever-changing fashion trends, a comprehensive product mix, and quick production and delivery pressure make inventory management more arduous. The fashion and apparel industry is one of the sectors that has the longest supply chain and the market

Sewing Machine Attachments: Classification and Functions

Attachments to sewing machines: Generally sewing attachment means sewing machine parts and accessories. Sewing machine attachments make sewing machines easier and provide a variety of decorative sewing possibilities. These sewing machine attachments are mechanisms that are attached to sewing machines without cutting through or changing the original frame of the machine. The removal of such an

Seam Testing Process in Garment

What is seam and seam testing? Actually seam is a line where two pieces of fabric are sewn together in a garment or other article. A seam is a series of stitches that may be functional or ornamental. Generally a seam is made to join two or more pieces of fabric in garment construction. The aesthetics and performance of the garment are strongly dependent on the seam’s appearance and performance

Feed Mechanism in Sewing Machine

The sewing machine feeding systems are used for handling fabrics in a controlled manner during stitching for continuous sewing. For producing an accurate straight line of stitches, the fabric must be moved through the stitch forming area of the machine precisely and accurately. The feeding mechanism comprises three components, namely, presser foot, throat plate and feed dog. Each of these

Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Apparel Industry

Garment manufacturing is labor-intensive, which is characterized by low-fixed capital investment; a wide range of product designs and, hence, input materials; variable production volumes; high competitiveness; and often high demand on product quality. However, due to high demand on garment quality and increased consumer awareness is leading to the use of automated tools and equipment in recent

Major Sewing Defects in Garments

Seam Quality Defects: A seam is a method of joining two or more pieces of materials together by a row of stitching. In garment industry quality control of practiced right from the initial stage of sourcing raw materials to the stage of final finished garment. Sewing is one of the basic steps of apparel manufacturing process. Also sewing section is the most significant section of a garments

Classification of Apparels and Home Textiles

Generally, sewn products can be classified on the basis of the raw material or the end use. The raw material for a clothing manufacturer is the finished fabric. The characteristics of finished fabrics depend upon several factors: fiber content, yarn properties, fabric structure, and finishing. The raw material for a product is chosen by keeping in mind the end use of the product. Fibers having

Seam Puckering in Garments with Causes and Remedies

Seam Puckering: Seam puckering is defined as seam gathering during sewing or after sewing, or laundering of garments, leading to an undesirable seam appearance to the garment. It is more frequent on woven fabrics especially on tightly woven fabric than knitted fabric. Seam puckering is typically caused by the following conditions:
Inherent puckering (structural jamming)
Tension puckering

10 Things to Know about Protective Fabrics

Granted that protective fabrics, or more commonly known as fire-resistant (FR) fabrics, are widely used these days in many different industries. However, a little basic know-how of FR fabrics can provide the much-needed information about various products available in the market and greatly help in making a wise decision when selecting a protective fabric supplier for your organization. There are

Different Types of Sewing Stitches with Pictures

Sewing Stitches: A series of repetitive stitches of one pattern is termed a stitch. BS 3870 categories the several types which are available into six stitch classes which cover the demands of joining fabrics together, neatening raw edges, or providing decoration. The stitch could be formed in any of the three methods given below:
Interlooping: It is created by passing the loop of one thread

Seam Classification and Quality of Seam in Garments

What is Seams? In garment assembling process, two or more plies of fabric or other materials are detained by rows of stitches known as a seam. Seams are generally categorized based on the seam type as superimposed seam, lapped seam, bound seam, flat seam and based on their location in the completed garment such as center back seam, inseam and side seam. Seams finishing can be carried out with a

Automation in Cutting and Sewing Machines

Automation in cutting room: Pattern that are developed or digitized in a CAD system are simultaneously prepared in a suitable format for cutout by an automatic cutter. Lines, notches, drill holes, and other marks are detected owing to the cutter software. Cutting through an automatic cutter is not only fast but also extremely precise. Further features can also be introduced automatically, e.g.,

Classification of Sewing Thread

Sewing threads are special kind of yarn that are manufactured by twisting short fibers or by continuous filaments yarns. At times two or more yarns are combined to make the thread to get the required strength. About sewing thread we have known in previous article on Sewing Thread: Factors, Basic Requirement and Properties . You can see below. In this article I will classify sewing threads. You

Sewing Thread: Factors, Basic Requirement and Properties

Sewing thread: Sewing thread is a special type of yarn which is used to join or making garments. The basic function of a thread is to deliver aesthetics and performance in stitches and seams. Even a small sewing thread failure leads to losses on investments in material, equipment, garment engineering and labour. Sewing performance and seam quality could be influenced by sewing thread parameters,

Applications of Sewing Threads and Sewing Thread Packages

Sewing threads
are special kinds of multi-yarns that are engineered and designed to
pass through a sewing machine rapidly. Sewing threads form efficient
stitches without breaking or becoming distorted during the useful life
of the product. Sewing Threads are manufactured by twisting short fibers
or by continuous filaments yarns. The basic function of a thread is to
deliver aesthetics and

Sewing Thread Consumption Calculation

Sewing threads are special kinds of yarns that are engineered and designed to pass through a sewing machine
rapidly. Sewing thread is common in almost all garments produced.
Whilst sewing threads are usually a relatively small percentage of the
cost of a garment, they have an extremely significant influence on the
appearance and durability of the finished product. The basic function of
a

Sewing Thread Count and Performance of Sewing Threads

Sewing threads:
Sewing threads are special kinds of yarns that are engineered and designed to pass through a sewing machine rapidly. Sewing thread must be durable enough to withstand the abrasion, stretch and needle heat that occurs while sewing, garment finishing, stretching and recovery during wear. Sewing threads are mainly produced in three-ply and occasionally two- or four-ply. Three S

Special Sewing Machines and Their Functions with Picture

Sewing machine is the basic element of garment making. It plays an important role in garments manufacturing industry. There are different types of sewing machine used in apparel industry. Generally single needle lockstitch machine and double needle lock stitch sewing machine widely used in sewing department. Without these some special sewing machines also used to complete garment. In this

Application of CAD in Knitting Industry

CAD for Knitting: The abbreviation of CAD is Computer Aided Design. CAD is widely used in textile industry. Like other department of textile industry, CAD is also used in knitting. There is a thousand years old history of knitwear. With the introduction of the computer, simulation of knitwear emerged as a promising field for the researchers. Simulating a knitwear is more efficient and more

Single Needle Lockstitch Machine Working Mechanism

Single needle lockstitch machine: These kinds of sewing machines
are generally used for sewing fabric, leather, etc. particularly one
that uses two threads such as an upper and a lower thread. Figure-1
shows the single needle lock stitch machine. The one side of the needle
has the eye and a sharp tip while the other side is attached to a needle
bar that moves up and down to form a stitch.

Application of CAD in Weaving

CAD for Weaving:
Textiles
are structurally complex materials and therefore represent ongo­ing
challenges in the product design and component selection. The com­ponent
selection involves the selection of material (fibers), yarn type, and
fabric geometry and construction. A lot of research is ongoing in this
area, and now it is possible to analyze the complex textile structures
and

Stitch Forming Mechanism in Sewing Machine

Stitch Forming Mechanisms: Stitch formation is a basic and the most important task for sewing machine. The first step in producing a stitch on a sewing machine is the formation of the needle thread loop. Proper formation of this loop depends on the tendency of the thread to bulge away from the needle as it is drawn upward after reaching the lowest point of it's stroke – due to inertia and

Importance of CAD in Textile Designing

What is CAD? The term CAD stands for computer-aided design and is defined as the use of information technology in the design process. The CAD system is usually a combination of hardware and specifically designed software. The hardware includes graphic devices and their peripherals for input and output opera­tions, while the software package manipulates or analyzes shapes according to user

Problems Caused by Sewing Needle in Sewing Machine

Sewing needle is the basic element for sewing fabric and garment. There are two types of sewing needle, one for hand sewing and another for sewing machine. The major difference between the two is the location of the "eye". The hand needle has the eye at the back end of the needle and that needle pulls the thread through the fabric. The machine needle has the eye at the front end and that needle

Sewing Needles: Parts, Functions, Sizes and Selection

The needle was one of humankind’s first tools. Over the
millenia it developed from a simple craft item to the precision tool for
modern sewing machines.
The most ancient (28,000 BC) sewing needle did not have an eye but a
split end that gripped the thread to be sewn. Needles from 17,500 BC had
an eye at one end and tapered at the other end. Around 1800, Balthasar
Krems from Mayen, Germany

Different Applications of Textile Fabrics

Fabric is vital important and integral part of dress making. It has been an integral part of everyday life since prehistoric times. Different fabrics for required for different ages, purposes and occasions. Now days, fabric not only used for cloth making but also used in different area. On the basis of fabric prop­erties, three major areas of application can be recognized, namely apparel, home

Fabric Structure and Design Analysis

The fabric-forming process or fabrication method contributes to fab­ric appearance, texture, and its suitability for end use. The structures of woven, knitted, and nonwoven fabrics are shown in Figure-1. These fab­rics have varying structures depending on the interlacement/interlocking pattern of the yarns. This sequence of interlacement/interlocking is termed as design of the fabric. The

What is a Textile Fabric | Classification of Textile Fabric

What is a Textile Fabric? The term “textile” originated from the Latin word ‘textilis’ and the French word ‘texere’, which means “to weave,” and the term was initially used only for woven fabrics. The advent of new developments has also broadened the scope of this term, covering filament, fiber, and yarn which are capable of being converted into textile fabric, and the subsequent material itself

Types of Embroidery Machines and Their Functions

Embroidery Machine: Embroidery is a decorative needlework. Embroidery can be done with both hand and machine. In machine embroidery either a sewing or embroidery machine is utilized to make patterns on clothing materials. It is generally used in product branding, decorative purposes and corporate advertising.
Types of Embroidery Machine:
A. Free-motion machine embroidery 
B. Computerized

Key Issues for Sustainability in Denim Industry

Denim
is one of the major sectors of the textile industry. Denim is
manufactured by more than 15 countries around the world. Cotton is the
key raw material for denim; hence the denim industry includes the cotton
textile industry. The process begins with cotton farming, followed by
ginning, spinning, warp dyeing, weaving, finishing and garment making. Denim
will probably never go out of

Cutting Department in Garment Industry

In most circumstances (except one-piece knitted garments), garments are assembled from several components. This is essential to establish profile/ shape to the garments, to overcome the constraints of fabric width. The cutting is the process of reproduction of shape of pattern pieces in the fabric during the production of garments. The cut fabric panels are then joined using a series of stitches

Band Knife Cutting Machine: Features, Parts, Working Mechanism, Advantages and Disadvantages

Band knife cutting machine:
Band knife machines provide the most accurate cutting and are therefore used in cutting small and complex shape components. The fabric plies are guided against the cutting device which is fixed and performs only a vertical movement down to the fabric. Because the band knife moves in only down direction, the friction between the knife and the material ensures the

Automation of Lay Planning, Marker Making and Cutting Room Management Systems

Automation of the lay planning process: Special software is used to improve lay planning, save time and eliminate manual paperwork. This will usually form part of a computerized fabric cutting room management system. The most efficient marker combinations for each production order are calculated automatically, taking into account the availability of the specific raw materials and the parameters

Methods of Fabric Cutting in Garment Industry

Methods of Fabric Cutting:
During cutting, separate garment components are cut out from the fabric spreading in accordance with their shape and number determined by the marker. Fabric cutting is completed by different types of fabric cutting machines. In most of the cutting methods, a sharp blade is pressed against the fibers of the fabric to separate them. The cutting knife has to present a

Spec Sheet for Mens Short Sleeve Knit Shirts

Mens short sleeve knit shirts is a popular summer garment and a core line with many companies. The fabric performance, shape, size chart, labeling, and packaging will have already been established, examples of which I have included in the specification. Offered in various designs, the basic features are short sleeves, button placket neck opening, and usually one pocket, made from a light-weight

Fabric Spreading in Garment Industry

Spreading:
Spreading is a preparatory operation for cutting. The main aim of the spreading process is to lay the several fabric plies essential for the production process to the marker length without any tension on the fabric. The lay height depends on order size, fabric characteristic, capacity of the spreader, cutting method and equipment used. The preference of mode of spreading will

Fabric Spreading Modes and Their Applications

What is spreading mode? Fabric spreading mode is the manner in which fabric plies are laid out for cutting. The spreading mode is determined by the fabric characteristics, quality standards of the firm, and available equipment. Two fabric characteristics that determine the spreading mode are the direction of fabric and the direction of the fabric nap.


Fig-1: Different fabric spreading mode

Different Types of Denim Jeans Washing Techniques

Over the past few decades, different denim washing techniques have been developed and used on different materials to create a large variety of designs for trendy denim garments and jeans. Special color effects and washed/vintage looks are often achieved in denim garments. The hand feel of the washed goods is relatively superior, which makes them suitable for leisure wear. These effects are

Types of Spreading Machines Used in Garment Industry

Spreading is the process of unwinding large rolls of fabric onto long, wide tables
in preparation for cutting each piece of garment. Generally,
the spreading process can be done manually or by computer controlled
machines. One or two person, based on the fabric type and width of
fabric, type of spreading machine and size of spread, can be involved in
the spreading process. In case of the

Basic Concept of Marker and Marker Making in Garment Industry

Marker: It is an illustration of accurate and precise planning of patterns for a particular style of garment and the sizes to be cut from a single spread on a marker paper. To prepare an efficient marker, the width of the fabric to be spread in a lay as well as the number of pattern pieces to be included in the marker plan for all the required sizes should be known prior to it. Marker width that

Properties of Textile Fibers and Their Testing Method

To become a textile fiber it should have some properties or characteristics. Because textile fibers have to be spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by interlacing, or interlooping in a variety of machines including weaving, knitting, braiding, felting, bonding, etc. So we can define textile fiber as, a fiber that has the ability to be processed into yarn which can further be woven or knitted

Different Types of Fiber Length and Length Uniformity Ratio

A textile is any object woven or knitted from natural or synthetic fibers. A fiber is defined as a unit of matter with a minimum length of 100 times its diameter, flexible, and capable of being woven. From the definition we can tell length is one of the most important parameter of textile fiber.
The length of fiber is an important aspect of raw material classification. It is also essential

Most Used ERP Systems for Fashion and Apparel Industry

ERP
means enterprise resource planning. It is a business management
software. ERP is an integrated application that has access to and stores
information on all the departments and business processes in a company.
All the information of an enterprise under one roof for assisting
planning & implementing decisions having complete visibility-that is
the main object of ERP. It helps a

SWOT Analysis of ERP Software in Textile and Apparel Industry

The application of IT has increased efficiency at all stages, starting from trend forecasting, designing, manufacturing, supply chain, and logistics to planning and replenishment at the retail stores. One innovation has been the enterprise resource planning (ERP) application, which is a tool that brings about effective coordination between the departments of an organization to direct the process

Basics of Pattern Making in Garment Industry

Garment pattern:
Pattern
is a hard paper which is made by following each individual component
for a style of garment or apparel. Actually pattern is a template from
which the parts of a garment are traced onto fabric before being cut out
and assembled. It is one of the most important parts of garment manufacturing industry. Pattern making
is a highly skilled technique which calls for

Pattern Making Tools and Their Uses for Beginners

Creating sewing pattern can’t think without pattern making tools. You'll need the right pattern making tools to make perfect clothing or sewing patterns. The pattern maker should know about all pattern making tools uses and functions. In this article, I have discussed all pattern making tools with function. Using this list will help you identify the tools you need to create your own custom

How to Prepare Specification Sheet for Reefer Coat

An important aspect of quality assurance is to match products with suitable factories. New factories trying to build up their customer base or factories short of work will sometimes offer to make products that they are not used to making; they’re only focused on getting orders, but in the long run, this can waste a lot of time and create many problems. However detailed your specification is,

Sewing Machine Parts and Functions with Pictures

There are different types of machine and equipments are used to manufacture garments. Among them sewing machine plays an important role in apparel manufacturing industry. There are a lot of sewing machines used in garment industry. So it is essential to know about sewing machine. If you know the basic parts of sewing machine and how they work is an essential part of sewing. It enables you to